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CATARACTS
What is
a cataract?
Cataract is a condition where
the clear lens inside the eye gradually becomes opaque (like
a frosted window). Cataracts prevent some of the light
reaching the retina, and result in blurred and washed out
vision. Cataracts usually develop slowly, and cause a
general loss of vision.
  
A normal eye
vs. an eye with cataract
What causes cataract?
Most cataracts are a
degeneration associated with age. However, cataracts can
also be associated with:
- Diabetes
- Ultraviolet light exposure
- Smoking
- Certain medications
- Other diseases
What problems might a
person with cataracts experience?
A person who
has developed cataracts will experience the same sort of
vision you would experience looking through a somewhat misty
window: vision is blurred, colors are a little faded. In
addition glare can be a significant problem.
 
Normal vision
versus vision through cataract
Who is at risk of
developing cataracts?
Anyone can develop cataracts,
however you are at an increased risk of developing cataracts
if:
- You are over the age of 40
- You have diabetes
- You are exposed to
ultraviolet light over a long period of time
How will I know if I
have cataracts?
Most people
become aware of blurred vision, and an increase in glare
sensitivity as cataracts develop. However, a thorough eye
examination will detect cataracts at a much earlier stage
What should I do if I
think I might have cataracts?
You should
arrange for an eye examination with your local Optometrist
or Ophthalmologist. Your Optometrist will advise you
if you have developed cataracts, and if so, will be able to
advise you about all of the treatment options.
How am I tested for
cataracts?
The lens of
the eye is carefully examined with two instruments: an
ophthalmoscope, and a slit lamp biomicroscope. The findings
from these examination, coupled with the level of vision
will give an accurate indication of the whether cataract is
present, and, if so, to what degree. Checking for cataract
is usually carried out during a regular eye test.
What treatment
options do I have if I have cataracts?
In the early
stages of cataract, the easiest option is to match the
strength of the glasses to an optimum level. With distance
vision, glare can become a problem, so it is worth looking
at options to counter this (having tinted lenses, having an
anti-reflection coating put on your lenses, wearing a peaked
hat, etc.). With near vision, contrast can be washed out a
little, so it is important to use a strong light to maximize
close vision.
In the more
advanced stages of cataract, surgery is the most common
option. The procedure is a relatively safe operation,
although, as with all operations there are some risks. If
your cataract is nearing a stage where surgery may be
required, your Optometrist will refer you to an Eye surgeon
for an opinion and treatment.
Advances in cataract
treatment?
Recently, cataract surgery
has been refined, and is now being performed using a "stitchless
keyhole" approach. This involves the use of local anesthetic,
and a minor incision, to replace the cataract with a
'foldable' lens. The procedure takes only 20 minutes, and
the recovery period is around 24 hours
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