Cataracts

What is a cataract?

Cataract is a condition where the clear lens inside the eye gradually becomes opaque (like a frosted window). Cataracts prevent some of the light reaching the retina, and result in blurred and washed out vision. Cataracts usually develop slowly, and cause a general loss of vision.

A normal eye v an eye with cataract

What causes cataract?

Most cataracts are a degeneration associated with age. However, cataracts can also be associated with:

• Diabetes
• Ultraviolet light exposure
• Smoking
• Certain medications
• Other diseases

What problems might a person with cataracts experience?

A person who has developed cataracts will experience the same sort of vision you would experience lookingthrough a somewhat misty window: vision is blurred, colours are a little faded. In addition glare can be a significant problem.

Normal vision v. vision through cataract

Who is at risk of developing cataracts?

Anyone can develop cataracts, however you are at an increased risk of developing cataracts if:

• You are over the age of 40
• You have diabetes
• You are exposed to ultraviolet light over a long period of time

How will I know if I have cataracts?

Most people become aware of blurred vision, and an increase in glare sensitivity as cataracts develop. However, a thorough eye examination will detect cataracts at a much earlier stage

What should I do if I think I might have cataracts?

You should arrange for an eye examination with your local Optometrist or Ophthalmologist.  Your Optometrist will advise you if you have developed cataracts, and if so, will be able to advise you about all of the treatment options.

How am I tested for cataracts?

The lens of the eye is carefully examined with two instruments: an ophthalmoscope, and a slit lamp biomicroscope. The findings from these examination, coupled with the level of vision will give an accurate indication of the whether catarct is present, and, if so, to what degree. Checking for cataract is usually carried out during a regular eye test.

What treatment options do I have if I have cataracts?

In the early stages of cataract, the easiest option is to match the strength of the glasses to an optimum level. With distance vision, glare can become a problem, so it is worth looking at options to counter this (having tinted lenses, having an anti-reflection coating put on your lenses, wearing a peaked hat, etc.). With near vision, contrast can be washed out a littlem, so it is important to use a strong light to maximise close vision.

In the more advanced stages of cataract, surgery is the most common option. The procedure is a relatively safe operation, although, as with all operations there are some risks. If your cataract is nearing a stage where surgery may be required, your Optometrist will refer you to an Eye surgeon for an opinion and treatment.

Advances in cataract treatment?

Recently, cataract surgery has been refined, and is now being performed using a "stitchless keyhole" approach. This involves the use of local anaesthetic, and a minor incision, to replace the cataract with a 'foldable' lens. The procedure takes only 20 minutes, and the recovery period is around 24 hours